Chapter+13+&+14

Imperfect Active Indicative Tense
 The imperfect verb tense in Latin indicates a past action or state that is incomplete or continuous. There are four ways in which this verb tense can be translated in English:  Example: Ambulabam

I was walking, I kept on walking, I used to walk, I walked

The imperfect tense is formed by the following formula:

Verb stem + ba + Reg. Endings = Form 
 * Singular ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 * First || ambula + || ba + || m || = || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambulabam ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambula + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ba + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">s || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambulabas ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambula + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ba + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">t || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambulabat ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plural || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambula + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ba + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">mus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambulabamus ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambula + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ba + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambulabatis ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambula + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ba + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">nt || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">ambulabant ||

<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">*The imperfects of 2nd, 3rd, 3rd -io and 4th Conjugation verbs are formed the same way as 1st Conjugation verbs, with the exception that an –e is added before the –ba in 3rd –io and 4th conjugations verbs:

3rd rege + ba + m = regebam 3rd –io cape(i) + e + ba + m = capiebam 4th audi + e + ba + m = audiebam**
 * 2nd mone + ba + m = monebam

<span style="display: block; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-align: center;">Irregular Verbs (Continued) // Posse //** = To be able (Irregular **<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">//Possum// **verb)** <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Possum is a compound of the verb sum and adjective potis (able); Note: -t becomes –s before all forms of sum beginning with s-.*

Possum requires an infinitive to complete its meaning – <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**//Ambulare possum//**. I am able to walk.

<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">__Present Tense__
<span style="display: block; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; text-align: center; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt;">
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Singular || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pot + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">sum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">possum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I am able; I can ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pot + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">es || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">potes || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">You (sing.) are able; You can ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pot + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">est || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">potest || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">He, She, It, is able, can ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plural || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pot + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">sumus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">possumus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We are able, We can ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pot + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">estis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">potestis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">You (pl.) are able, You can ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pot + || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">sunt || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">= || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">possunt || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">They are able, They can ||

<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">__Imperfect Tense__

 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Singular || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plural || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">First || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">poteram || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">I was able || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">poteramus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">We were able ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Second || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">poteras || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">You (sing.) were able || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">poteratis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">You (pl.) were able ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Third || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">poterat || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">He, She, It was able || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">poterant || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">They were able ||

<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Infinitives sing. -- Pres. **//posse//**, to be able pl. -- Perf. **//potuisse//**, to have been able Fut. --

Participles <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fut. - potens (adj.) - powerful