Chapter+11

In Latin, the //genitive case// is used to express possession. It can be translated either by the use of //‘s// or //s’// or expressed by a phrase introduced by //of//:
 * Genitive Case ** 

the farmer’s house the house of the farmer

Case indicators for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Declension Nouns in the Genitive Case:


 * Singular ||   ||   || Plural  ||   ||   ||
 * -ae || puellae  || girl's; of the girl  || -arum  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">puellarum  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">girls'; of the girls  ||
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-i || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pueri  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">boy's; of the boy  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-orum  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">puerorum  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">boys'; of the boys  ||
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-is || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">arboris  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tree's; of the tree  || <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-um  || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">arborum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">trees'; of the trees ||

The genitive usually follows the noun it possesses:

//**puella Italiae**// = the girl of Italy

**<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dative Case ** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 18pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">In Latin, the //dative case// is used to express the indirect object. It can be translated in two ways:

//** Puella amicae **// //** rosam dat. **//

The girl gives a rose // **to a friend** //. <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">or The girl gives // **a friend** // a rose. <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Case indicators for 1st Declension Nouns in the Dative Case:


 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Singular || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plural || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-ae || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">puellae || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to, for the girl || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-is || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">puellis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to, for the girls ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-o || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">puero || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to, for the boy || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-is || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">pueris || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to, for the boys ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-i || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">arbori || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to, for the tree || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-ibus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">arboribus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">to, for the trees ||