Chapter+15

**2nd Declension Neuter Nouns ** Neuter nouns in 2nd Declension end in -um. The genitive singular form of these nouns is –i. Formula for forming 2nd Declension neuter nouns:  Base of the noun + 2nd Declension Neuter Endings = Noun form  2nd Declension Neuter Endings
 * || Singular ||  || Plural ||  ||
 * Nominative || -um || oppidum || -a || oppida ||
 * Genitive || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-i || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppidi || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-orum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppidorum ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dative || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-o || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppido || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-is || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppidis ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accusative || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-um || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppidum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-a || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppida ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Ablative || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-o || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppidis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-is || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">oppidis ||

<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">***Neuter noun endings only differ from Masculine noun endings in the nominative singular, nominative plural, and accusative plural.***


 * The Neuter Law states that the nominative and accusative noun forms will always be identical for Neuter Nouns.***

Neuter adjective forms must be used in agreement with neuter nouns. All nouns ending in –um are neuter and adjectives agreeing with these nouns should have neuter endings.

<span style="display: block; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: center; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt;">**<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">3rd Declension Neuter Nouns ** **The Nominative Singular form of 3rd Declension neuter nouns also varies. The genitive singular form of these nouns is –** // is //.

One must look up the genitive singular form provided in the dictionary and drop the - // is // to determine the base of the noun. – <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumen, fluminis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">corpus, corporis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">genus, generis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">iter, itineris ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">n. river || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">n. body || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">n. birth || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">n. journey ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumin/ || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">corpor/ || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">gener/ || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">itiner/ ||

<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Formula for forming 3rd Declension neuter nouns: <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Base of the noun + 3rd Declension Neuter Endings = Noun form <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; msotabcount: 4;"> <span style="display: block; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; text-align: center; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt;">3rd Declension Neuter Endings
 * || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Singular || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Plural || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Nominative || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">varies || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumen || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-a || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumina ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Genitive || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-is || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">fluminis || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-um || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">fluminum ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dative || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-i || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumini || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-ibus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">fluminibus ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Accusative || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">varies || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumen || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-a || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumina ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Ablative || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-e || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flumine || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">-ibus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">fluminibus ||

<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">***The Neuter Law states that the nominative and accusative noun forms will always be identical for Neuter Nouns.***

Neuter adjective forms must be used in agreement with neuter nouns.

=<span style="display: block; font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-align: center;">Numbers = = = <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Times New Roman; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Cardinal Numbers: one, two, three, etc.

1. In Latin, the numbers one, two, and three are declinable:


 * || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Unus, one || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Duo, two || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Tres, three || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">M. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">F. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">M. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">F. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">M./F. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">N. ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Nom. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">una || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duo || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duae || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duo || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tres || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tria ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Gen. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unius || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unius || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unius || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duorum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duarum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duorum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">trium || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">trium ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dat. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">uni || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">uni || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">uni || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duobus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duabus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duobus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tribus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tribus ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Acc. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unam || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">unum || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duos || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duas || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duo || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tres || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tria ||
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Abl. || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">una || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">una || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">uno || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duobus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duabus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">duobus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tribus || <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">tribus ||

2.<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> In Latin, numbers four to one hundred are indeclinable:

Arabic Roman Cardinal 1 I unus, -a, -um, one 2 II duo, duae, duo, two 3 III tres, tria, three 4 IV quatuor, four 5 V quinque, five 6 VI sex, six 7 VII septem, seven 8 VIII octo, eight 9 IX novem, nine 10 X decem, ten 20 XX viginti, twenty 100 C centum, one hundred (s. indeclinable) 1000 M mille, one thousand (s. indeclinable)


 * //Mille//** in the singular is an indeclinable adjective; in the plural **//milia,//** a noun, is declined like a neuter **//i//**-stem. The plural forms of **//milia//** are always followed by the **genitive** –

<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">cum quinque **//milibus militum//** with five thousand soldiers (literally - with five thousands of soldiers)

with the //ablative//. In English we say //one of//; in Latin //one from//: //unus ex servis// **<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> //one of// the slaves (one from the slaves) **

<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Ordinal Numbers: first, second, third, etc.

Ordinals are adjectives –

primus, -a, -um, first secundus, -a, -um, second tertius, -a, -um, third quartus, -a, -um, fourth quintus, -a, -um, fifth <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">sextus, -a, -um, sixth septimus, -a, -um, seventh octavus, -a, -um, eighth nonus, -a, -um, ninth decimus, -a, -um, tenth