Chapter+1

1st Declension Feminine Nouns ** Feminine nouns in 1st Declension end in -**//a//**. The genitive singular form of these nouns is –**//ae//**. Formula for forming 1st Declension nouns: Base of the noun + 1st Declension Feminine Endings = Noun form 1st Declension Feminine Endings
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 * =  ||= Singular ||= Plural ||
 * = Nominative ||= -a = puella ||= -ae = puellae ||
 * = Genitive ||= -ae = puellae ||= -arum = puellarum ||
 * = Dative ||= -ae = puellae ||= -is = puellis ||
 * = Accusative ||= -am = puellam ||= -as = puellas ||
 * = Ablative ||= -a = puella ||= -is = puellis ||


 * Feminine adjective forms must be used in agreement with feminine nouns. Most nouns ending in –//a// are feminine and adjectives agreeing with these nouns should have feminine endings (exception: PAIN Words – see notes for 2nd Declension Masculine Nouns). **

**Nominative Case ** In Latin:

1. The subject of a finite verb is in the //nominative case//. 2. A noun used in the predicate after a linking verb such as //is// and //are// is in the //nominative case// (known as the predicate nominative).

Example: // **America** // est // **patria** // nostra. // **America** // is our // **country** //.

// **America** // is the //subject//; // **patria** // is the //predicate nominative//. Case indicators for 1st Declension Nouns in the Nominative Case:


 * || Singular || Plural ||
 * 1st Declension || -a puella = girl || -ae puellae = girls ||


 * Adjectives agree with the word they modify in gender (masc., fem., or neuter), number (sing. or pl.), and case (nom., gen., dat., acc., abl.)***

// **Nostra** // modifies // **Patria** // agreeing in the feminine gender, singular number, and nominative case.

***An adjective used in the predicate after a linking very is a //predicate adjective.// The predicate adjective describes the subject of the verb** // est // and agrees in gender, number, and case (nominative case).

 Example: America est **//libera //**. America is //free//.

// Esse // **= To be (Irregular //Sum//** verb)**

Present Tense
= =
 * || Singular ||  || Plural ||   ||
 * First || sum || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">I am || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">sumus || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">We are ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Second || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">es || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">You (sing.) are || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">estis || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">You (pl.) are ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Third || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">est || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">He, She, It is || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">sunt || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">They are, There are ||